![]() ![]() Brave Bow raised the younger Roy himself, training him at archery. He first appeared in More Fun Comics #73 (November 1941), where he was identified as the orphaned son of Roy Harper, Sr., a forest ranger who had died saving a Navajo medicine chief named “Brave Bow” from a fire. ![]() The original Speedy’s real name was Roy Harper, Jr. Oliver Queen).įictional character biographies – Roy Harper (comics) Speedy is the name of two DC Comics superheroes, fictional characters that have each served as teenaged sidekicks for the Green Arrow (a.k.a. Teen Titans fight between Robin and Speedy in the Episode Winner Take All I own Nothing all rights and Restrictions go to Cartoon Network and DC Comics. 24 – In 1963, Jack Ruby shot and mortally wounded… 22 – In 1963, President Kennedy was assassinated while riding in a motorcade in Dallas… 21 – n 1995, the presidents of three rival Balkan states agreed to make peace in Bosnia, ending nearly four years of terror and ethnic bloodletting that have left a quarter of a million people dead in the worst war in Europe since World War II… 20 – In 1945, 24 Nazi leaders went on trial before an international war crimes tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany…. 19 – In 1863, President Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address as he dedicated a national cemetery at the site of the Civil War battlefield in Pennsylvania. 18 – In 1976, Spain’s parliament approved a bill to establish a democracy after 37 years of dictatorship. 28 – In 1943, President Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet leader Josef Stalin met in Tehran during World War II… Ford as vice president, succeeding Spiro T. 27 – In 1973, the Senate voted 92-3 to confirm Gerald R. 26 – In 1942, President Roosevelt ordered… 25 – In 1986, the Iran-Contra affair erupted as President Reagan and Attorney General Edwin Meese… On Wednesday, Connor fights a dragon! I’m milking this Green Arrow thing forever. Though since the New 52 reboot, she hangs in limbo with Wally West and Stephanie Brown. She ends up okay, including a fancy Teen Titans membership, a badass superhero costume, and the unrelenting trust of her wonderful mentor. Meet Mia Dearden: high school senior, former prostitute, brand new Speedy, murderer. ![]() No wonder superheroes are psychological wrecks. Thus, we sit between a rock and a hard place. Before Green Arrow’s forced to impale the sad magician, we should hear his depressing reasons. I mean not anymore, but the Green Arrows do tend to have a baptism by blood when it comes to their little superhero club. You know that when you summon forces of hell that sometimes those wishes can backfire? Before we reach our story’s climax, understand that blood drips freely from Green Arrow’s hand. Remember when Batman conversed with Jason Blood last article? Cut off the head and the serpent stops squirming. Especially when a thousand mafiosos and policemen whack them with baseball bats. Y’see, demon hordes can be easily distracted. Just in time for the final battle as Star City fights the demons for the fate of their beloved town. Meet Mia Dearden: high school senior, former prostitute, brand new Speedy. In one of the coolest moments of this arc, the Green Arrows welcome one more into their ranks. We sometimes forget that Connor Hawke still retains his Green Arrow title from before his father came back to life, making him Queen’s equal, not sidekick. His first Speedy, Roy Harper, went the Jason Todd route - guns, name changes (Red Arrow, Arsenal), and other basic anti-hero characteristics. Right now, Green Arrow doesn’t have a sidekick. No one sucker punches that well-groomed face. While Batman makes his Robins play detective games to prove their worth, Green Arrow prefers to beats the crap out of his sidekicks. Still, with time being the essence and Oliver Queen and son being the only skilled archers in the group, wouldn’t an extra hand be a nice boost? Like say, the HIV-positive teenager living in Queen’s house who has spent her every waking hour smashing bullseyes? So with the cop/mafia army gathered and led by the town’s lovable vigilante, the pieces are set for a final confrontation with the law-abiding hellspawns. ![]() Luckily, they also don’t want these demons slicing them in half every time they jimmy a car door. Like Gotham City, Green Arrow’s hometown also has its fair share of mobsters and crooked cops. Well, Green Arrow and a few of his buddies. And Green Arrow, our promiscuous Robin Hood with gorgeous facial hair and latent anger issues, is all that stands in the way from a demonic takeover of Star City. Green Arrow, Riddler, and demons, Pt. 3 Posted: | Author: Jason Levine | Filed under: Characters, DC | Leave a commentĮverything leads up to this! If the stakes don’t reach catastrophic, you’re not reading a superhero story. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Few units are essential, and the late-game additions to your army provide the tools you need to finish the game, even if you lost many soldiers along the way. I reset a chapter whenever a unit dies, but Fire Emblem: The Blazing Blade is approachable for players that want to embrace permadeath. The high volume of units in Fire Emblem: The Blazing Blade allows players to experiment with their armies and provides a cushion for unit deaths. Every character from Lyn’s story returns at some point (maintaining any level-ups they got during her story), as well as new characters to help fill out your ranks. To deal with the rogue’s gallery, Eliwood and Hector recruit a veritable army of delightful characters throughout the game. Regardless of your route, villains crop up left and right during your efforts to find Eliwood’s father. While each playthrough will offer some new experiences, most of the maps are very similar, so it becomes a slog by the time you finally take a crack at the hard mode of Hector’s story. To experience everything the game has to offer, you need to beat the game at least three times. Hector’s story includes several new maps, a few new characters, and more challenging versions of Eliwood mode maps. This story covers nearly the same events but puts more of a focus on Hector. While the pair are initially searching for Eliwood’s father, they quickly get wrapped up in a villainous plot involving dragons, an international cabal of assassins, and a powerful dark spellcaster exerting their will on the world of Elibe.Ĭompleting Eliwood’s story unlocks Hector’s story. Before long, Eliwood and his knights are joined by Hector, the game’s third main character and another young noble. This story follows Eliwood, a young lord who leaves his territory to search for his missing father. Many veterans will enjoy Lyn’s early story, though, which includes a few of my favorite characters in the game.ĭespite hardware limitations, Fire Emblem boasts excellent visuals.Īfter Lyn’s story is the meat of the game, a longer tale with more complex and challenging maps. ![]() Lyn’s mode’s gameplay can appear dull for series veterans, and there’s no skipping it on your first playthrough. It’s a joy to grow with Lyn as she goes from a lone girl on the plains to the leader of a small militia in search of her last living family member.įor new players, Lyn’s story makes Fire Emblem: The Blazing Blade the most approachable game in the series up to this point, as there are very few mechanics that you need to figure out on your own. Lyn’s story is nonessential (which is why you can skip it in subsequent playthroughs), but the writers did a good job tying a story together in only ten chapters. The story also introduces characters and plot elements relevant to the game’s main story. During her story, players learn all about the core mechanics of the game, including the rock-paper-scissors style weapon triangle, how to recruit characters, and how each unit type works. The tutorial follows fan-favorite Lyn, a member of a nomadic tribe who learns she has noble blood and a living relative in the Caelin territory. When you start a new game for the first time, you are treated to a ten-chapter mini-story designed to introduce the world and the game’s core mechanics. It was an introduction to the series for many players, such as myself, who wouldn’t have a chance to play any previous entries until remakes started releasing half a decade later.įortunately, the developers considered that they would be reaching a new audience and provided the series’ first full-length tutorial in Fire Emblem: The Blazing Blade. Fire Emblem: The Blazing Blade may be the seventh game in the Fire Emblem franchise, but it was the first to make it to the West in 2003 the game was just called Fire Emblem for that release. ![]() ![]() This PetSafe product uses a submersible pump to circulate the water and keep it fresh. There are lots of corners and spots that are hard to clean, and the plastic can get slimy over time.For a high-strung dog like my Springer Spaniel, this could be a turn-off. The pump can be noisy, and the fountain tends to vibrate.The pump is adjustable so that you can customize the flow rate to fit Fido’s preferences.There’s a filtration system to remove impurities from the water.It has three parts that are easy to put together.Water is available in a continuous stream.You can wash the fountain without the pump on the top shelf of your dishwasher. It has a carbon filter to remove any impurities from the liquid. Water exits from a spout on the top of the fountain and cascades into the bowl below. The PetSafe Drinkwell Pet Water Fountain offers fresh flowing water for your pooch to drink. The drinking dish is shallow, and this makes it easier for your pup to splash water onto the floor.The water reservoir can be difficult to clean.The dispenser has a strong plastic odor at first, but it does lessen over time.You have to be sure to place the dispenser on a level surface, or the water may overflow the bowl.The container shape is attractive and designed to prevent tipping over. It comes in three sizes, so it’s easy to find a volume that fits your dog’s needs.A flow-control valve prevents water spilling when transporting the reservoir after you fill it.The stainless steel bowl is easy to remove and clean in the sink or dishwasher.The reservoir has a handle on the top that makes it easy to remove, lift, and carry.A water filter that fits the dispenser is also available for purchase. The product is made of rugged, BPA-free plastic. There’s a flow-control valve to keep the water from spilling. The chamber has a tapered shape that locks into the bottom to prevent tipping. The base includes a removable, stainless steel bowl. The PetSafe gravity-based water dispenser comes in ½, 1, and 2 ½ gallon reservoir sizes. Mold can develop on the inside rim of the base.The bowl is small in comparison to the chamber, so the dispenser could be prone to tipping over.The water flows out very slowly and does not fill the bowl well.The water container is slippery and easy to drop during transport.The reservoir locks into the base so that the dogs won’t knock it off and spill water everywhere.You can choose a container size that offers ample water for your dog. You can also clean it in the sink as long as you rinse all the soap before refilling it. The reservoir screws into the base and the instructions are on the chamber. ![]() It also comes with a charcoal filter to purify the water. The materials are BPA free and have antimicrobial qualities. There’s a water jug that screws into the base and slowly dispenses water as your pup drinks. Step #3: Get your order delivered at your home doorstep.This product from Petmate is a gravity-based dispenser that offers a variety of chamber sizes ranging from 1/2 to four gallons depending on your pup’s needs. Step #2: Select a plan - either a one-time delivery or subscription with and avail discounts. Step #1: Select a product of your choice from our range of products. Here are three simple steps to avail the service from the comfort of your own home: Choose from a wide range of exclusive Bisleri products such as Bisleri Mineral Water, Vedica, Club Soda, Fonzo, Limonata, Spyci, hand sanitizers and so on. ![]() ![]() We offer online purchase and home delivery options in all major metro cities across India. They will be delivered to your doorstep ensuring you remain indoors and safe. Now, from the comfort of your sofa, you may order any of our products online. With the world now purchasing everything online, we at Bisleri have made sure we have adapted with the times and started our very own platform to buy all our products, including mineral water and natural Spring Water online. Stay hydrated and stay fresh – throughout the day! ![]() ![]() ![]() But since this is a step-by-step, hands-on tutorial everyone with a bit of technical interest should do fine. It should be an advantage if you have created an application before, preferable with an object oriented language and if you are not scared to copy and paste commands into your terminal.
![]() ![]() Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic.Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. When on the institution site, please use the credentials provided by your institution.Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in.Click Sign in through your institution.Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.Ĭhoose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. ![]() If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Get help with access Institutional accessĪccess to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. Thus, a full understanding of the ethical dimensions of cyberwarfare must incorporate the human actors with all of their cognitive, conceptual, and cultural biases, tendencies, and foibles. Cyberwarfare is conducted with machines, but humans are the developers, targets, and defenders of cyberactions. This chapter explores a range of conceptual and ethical issues that arise when we focus on the cognitive constraints, biases, and heuristics of human agents in four different roles: developers of a cyberaction target of that cyberaction defender against some cyberaction and third-party observers, whether neutral nations, or even the public within a nation engaged in cyberactions. In contrast, most discussions of cyberwarfare-its strategy, impacts, ethics-focus on the machines, systems, and data, while largely ignoring the human element. Kinetic warfare involves tanks, bullets, and other hardware, but everyone recognizes that understandings of it must involve warfighters from general staff to boots on the ground. ![]() ![]() ![]() The heaters also have to comply with an enhanced version of the Electro Mechanical Compatibility Directive to ensure they do not interfere with other electronics and that they are immune from interference by other electronics. Heatsource blown air heaters conform to the latest European standards for both the appliance and the electronics and during the rigorous testing the focus is very much on safety. The micro-processor electronics regulates the motor voltage so that the fan speed does not alter from 10 to 15 volts. Noise is also unaffected by high voltage, a common occurrence with battery charges, solar panels etc permanently wired. There will always be some air noise from a system that produces a healthy throughput of air, however, by using high quality balanced fans and smooth enclosed motors with ball race bearings, noise is kept to a minimum. Propex heaters are designed to be quiet in operation without compromising air throughput and heat output. The HS series heaters are also very efficient on electrical current consumption, the high quality motor/fan combination and innovative current reducing electronics, both of which have been improved in the latest versions, means that even the larger HS2800 draws less than 2 amps during normal operation. To add to the efficiency, cabin air is normally re-circulated in preference to using cold air from outside. The Heatsource units are totally room sealed and exhaust all products of combustion externally through the neat 22mm i.d. Air for combustion is taken from outside and passed into the combustion chamber having been mixed with gas during three aeration stages, it is ignited automatically and heats up the large surface area of the heat-exchanger. With forced air combustion and the Propex two stage stainless steel heat-exchanger, the HS2000 is a clean and highly efficient way to heat your vehicle or boat. Unlike some heaters, there is minimal electric current consumption during ignition so cycling the Heatsource on and off does not have the effect of additional battery drain. An easy to operate panel mounted digital timer/thermostat specifically designed for Heatsource, is also available. The thermostat is an easy to fit surface mount design and integrates with the new electronics fitted to the HS2000 and HS2800 heaters. When the room temperature drops below the selected level, the Heatsource will automatically ignite and run until the cabin reaches the selected temperature. ![]() The HS20000 is supplied as standard with a solid state electronic thermostat which automatically switches the unit on and off to maintain the desired temperature. With the correct Fitting kit they are also suitable and approved for use in Boats. Both 12 and 24 volt versions are available. Propex Heatsource blown air systems are used in many applications throughout the world, these include Motorhomes, Caravans, Cranes, Horseboxes, Mobile Workshops etc. ![]() ![]() ![]() Fortunately, if it bothers you as it does me, this is super easy to remedy by either removing the tabs and pulls altogether and installing something custom or just making simpler paracord pulls in place of the Aer branded ones. Exterior branding is fairly minimal which always gets bonus points in my book but gosh Aer bags just have an abundance of zippers and very jangly pulls on them, which I find to be a significantly distracting aspect. Despite that, I can appreciate the look for what it is and I don’t find it garish or overly complicated. For me, I tend to lean towards bags that follow more of a “heritage” look and feel so this isn’t my immediate cup of tea. Their typically clean lines and choice of materials lean heavily into that aesthetic, which is going to be a very personal decision as to whether or not that works for you and your tastes. So without further delay, let’s dig in and take a look at what it’s been like to live with.Īer’s design language is decidedly in the tech space, which is an aspect they’ve never really wavered from. Professionally speaking, I’m a designer personally speaking, I’m a new dad, so my experience with the TP3 is informed by these realities. I’ve had the opportunity now to travel multiple times in the past year (primarily in road trip format) and over the past several months I’ve been utilizing the TP3 as my clothing and tech carry on these trips. The Aer Travel Pack 3 (TP3 from here on) is the latest revision in this line and has seen a number of updates over the previous generation which we will get into later in this review, but the gist of it comes down to a more adjustable harness, a more flexible main compartment and of course, magnets. That’s an aspect of Aer that I have always appreciated because it means they listen to their customers and are always striving to evolve their products in collaboration with their users. Rooted typically in real-world user feedback, they strive to refine their silhouettes with each generation, without throwing out what’s worked in the past. ![]() As a softgoods company, Aer takes an iterative approach to their designs. Looking for something new to try this past year, Aer had notified us about their upcoming updates to the Travel Collection and it was the perfect opportunity to both resume travel and try out a new bag. For a great many of us that meant we needed new travel bags to schlep our stuff in style as we resumed our domestic and international wanderlust. As 2022 wound down, for many of us, opportunities to travel arose with much greater frequency than they had over the past couple of years. ![]() ![]() ![]() Here’s what you need for the lightened-up-but-still-creamy dressing: It makes such a difference – all the creaminess, far less oil! What goes in the Chicken Pasta Salad Creamy Dressing That is, plenty of dressing, but you won’t feel weighed down after scoffing down a big bowl of this because the dressing is made with a 50/50 combination of both mayonnaise and sour cream. What I really like is that it’s nice and “moist”. ![]() Carrot, celery, capsicum (bell peppers), green onion, BACON, cheese and even avocado, if you so choose. This is an old-school Chicken Pasta Salad that comes with a creamy mayonnaise-based dressing, and lots of add-ins. Make it today, enjoy it for days!Īfter a no-mayo version? Use a creamy Yogurt Dressing instead. Any kind of salad dressing really - we have used a balsamic one before too.This is a big batch Chicken Pasta Salad with plenty of creamy dressing, lightened up using a combination of sour cream and mayonnaise so it’s not excessively oil. If you don't want a creamy dressing, then a honey and mustard vinaigrette or Lemon Vinaigrette would work really well. However, you could use yogurt, sour cream or creme fraiche to still keep it creamy without mayo. We also like some diced avocado for extra creaminess.ĭressing - Personally, I love a creamy pasta salad, so we have kept it classic and used mayonnaise in this. You could add small chunks of raw broccoli or red onion, or you could roast up vegetables like courgette and aubergine and add those. ![]() We added some olives to that for an extra burst of flavour, but sun dried tomatoes or anchovies would work.Īs for other vegetables, the options are almost endless. ![]() We like a good mix of crunchy and leafy.įor this, we used cherry tomatoes, cucumber, red and green bell pepper, spring onion (scallion) and some spinach. Not only does it make it more nutrient dense, but it adds lots of colour and texture too. Vegetables - This pasta salad is a great opportunity to add loads of vegetables. If you are using chicken, then why not make our Slow Cooker Whole Chicken or The Best Roast Chicken and shred it up and use some in this. You could add some tofu or use chickpeas to get a nice creamy texture. Meat - If chicken isn't your thing, you can replace it with turkey, ham, extra bacon or even cooked cubes of halloumi. Spinach - We love anything we can give a green veggie boost to, and adding chopped spinach is an easy way to do that.Ī full ingredients list with measurements is in the recipe card below.Lemon - This really lightens up the whole dish and adds a nice freshness.If you wanted to make it lighter, you could use yoghurt instead, but this would add some tartness to it. Mayonnaise - This is the base of the sauce for the pasta salad and makes it deliciously creamy.You could swap it for cheddar or mozzarella. Feta - Cheese is a must in a pasta salad and feta not only adds lots of flavour, but some creaminess too.Cucumber - Another easy way to add some crunch and lighten up the whole dish.Bell pepper - You can use any bell pepper you like, but we find that red and green add a nice mixture of flavour.You could use finely diced shallot instead. Onion - Spring onions (scallions) add a nice crunchiness to this pasta salad recipe.Basil - Perfect with tomatoes, it adds a real freshness to the chicken pasta salad.But you could chop up a larger tomato if that is all you have. We used cherry tomatoes, as we love the sweetness. Tomatoes -A must in any kind of salad.The great thing about olives is there are so many flavours. Olives - Another easy way to add lots of flavour to a pasta salad and make it feel a bit more summery.This pasta salad with chicken and bacon is protein packed. Make it a bit more lean by using turkey bacon. Bacon - You can leave this out if you want to save on calories, but we think it adds a lot of flavour.But, we like fusilli, because the mayonnaise based sauce clings to it really well. Pasta - You can use any pasta you like, making this a great cupboard raid meal.You can either fry up chunks of chicken breast, or use leftovers from a roast chicken. This would add more flavour, but it would change the nutritional information. Chicken - We used chicken breast to keep this chicken pasta salad lean, however you could use boneless and skinless chicken breast. ![]() ![]() ![]() $faker->optional($weight = 0.5, $default = false)->randomDigit() // 50% chance of FALSE optional() accepts a default argument to specify the default value to return. ![]() $faker->optional($weight = 100)->randomDigit // 0% chance of NULL $faker->optional($weight = 10)->randomDigit // 90% chance of NULL $faker->optional($weight = 0.9)->randomDigit() // 10% chance of NULL $faker->optional($weight = 0.1)->randomDigit() // 90% chance of NULL Please note that the weight can be provided as float (0 / 1.0) or int (0 / 100) 0 will always return the default value 1.0 will always return the provider. optional() accepts a weight argument to specify the probability of receiving the default value. optional() sometimes bypasses the provider to return a default value instead (which defaults to NULL)įor ($i = 0 $i optional()->randomDigit() tip: unique() keeps one array of values per provider $faker->unique($reset = true)->randomDigitNotNull() // will not throw OverflowException since unique() was reset you can reset the unique modifier for all providers by passing true as first argument providers with a limited range will throw an exception when no new unique value can be generatedįor ($i = 0 $i unique()->randomDigitNotNull() Įcho "There are only 9 unique digits not null, Faker can't generate 10 of them!" unique() forces providers to return unique values "\n" įaker provides three special providers, unique(), optional(), and valid(), to be called before any provider. This is because Faker uses _call() magic, and forwards Faker\Generator->$method() calls to Faker\Generator->format($method, $attributes). 'Numquam ut mollitia at consequuntur inventore dolorem.'Įach call to $faker->name() yields a different (random) result. use the factory to create a Faker\Generator instance Use Faker\Factory::create() to create and initialize a faker generator, which can generate data by calling methods named after the type of data you want. Require_once '/path/to/Faker/src/autoload.php' Īlternatively, you can use any other PSR-4 compliant autoloader Create fake data # You can also load Fakers shipped PSR-0 autoloader // load Faker autoloader composer require fakerphp/faker Basic Usage # Autoloading #įaker supports both PSR-0 as PSR-4 autoloaders. It's heavily inspired by Perl's Data::Faker, and by Ruby's Faker. Whether you need to bootstrap your database, create good-looking XML documents, fill-in your persistence to stress test it, or anonymize data taken from a production service, Faker is for you. Faker is a PHP library that generates fake data for you. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() (Copper is often found in the same areas as cobalt.) In 1993, the Environmental Protection Agency proposed adding Blackbird to its National Priorities List, a designation reserved for the worst-contaminated sites in the country. The concentration of copper in one creek was so high that the water turned bright blue. By then, the surrounding creeks were lifeless heavy-metal pollution had killed off most of their fish and aquatic insects. The water-treatment plant, however, was still operating.īlackbird closed in the early 1980s after more than 30 years of intermittent operations. As we drove through, we passed the crumbling concrete remains of a tailings mill, then a log-framed portal covered by a plywood door. Now a toxic waste site, it includes a 12-acre open pit, 4.8 million tons of waste rock, 2 million tons of tailings, and enough tunnels that, if they were strung together, you could run a half marathon in them and still have nearly a mile to spare. T he lone access road to the Jervois mine cuts through what was once the only cobalt mine in the U.S., the 10,830-acre Blackbird Mine. The recent burn scar from the Mud Lick Fire reached the edge of Jervois Mine. Yet cobalt mining has already changed this landscape, and is poised to do so again. You get to drive this.” He pointed out the window to rugged mountains covered in ponderosa pines and Douglas firs. “This is our commute to work,” Lengerich said, with a hint of genuine awe. ![]() Lengerich said he had recently seen black-bear cubs run across the road I saw a grouse and two mule deer. I’m happy to share that I saw the initial trailer for the F-150 Lightning and went, ‘That's really cool.’”įor most of our hour and a half drive from Jervois’s office in the town of Salmon to the Jervois mine, we bumped along a dirt road that ran adjacent to several creeks and down a series of vertigo-inducing switchbacks. “The EV story is one that I personally believe in,” he said. He told me that he switched companies, at least in part, because of his interest in electric vehicles. Lengerich has been in the mining industry for the past 23 years, and before joining Jervois in August, he worked for the Anglo-Australian mining giant Rio Tinto. As the executive general manager of mining for Jervois Global, the Australian company that owns the new mine, Lengerich was my guide for the day. In Idaho, as in much of the world, the clean-energy revolution is reshaping the geography of resource extraction.Īnd so it was that, on a pleasantly cool late-summer morning, I found myself in the back seat of a Ford Expedition alongside the mining engineer Matthew Lengerich. Most of these companies are in the early stages of exploration one has started to build a mine. At least six mining companies have applied for permits from the U.S. As the global market for lithium-ion batteries has grown-and the price of cobalt along with it-so has commercial interest in the belt. The Salmon-Challis sits atop what is known as the Idaho Cobalt Belt, a 34-mile-long geological formation of sedimentary rock that contains some of the largest cobalt deposits in the country. For me, the area’s most immediate draw was cobalt, a hard, silvery-gray metal used to make heat-resistant alloys for jet engines and, more recently, most of the lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles. The wildfires had both everything and nothing to do with my trip to Boise and, from there, to the Salmon-Challis National Forest, a five-hour drive northeast of the city. “We can’t ignore the reality that these wildfires are being supercharged by climate change,” he would say later that day. President Biden was responding to yet another record-setting wildfire season, during which 5.3 million acres of the U.S., an area the size of New Jersey, had already burned. After I boarded my connecting flight in Denver, a pilot announced that we would be briefly delayed because Air Force One was also en route to Boise. The trip itself was largely uneventful, with one exception. O n September 13, I took my first plane trip in 18 months: Kansas City to Boise with a layover in Denver. ![]() |
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